5G Technology: Fifth Generation Cellular Network Technology

5G Technology: Fifth Generation Cellular Network Technology

Hello Friends!

Hope you all are well and getting benefits from my previous posts. Today we will know about 5G Technology that is Fifth generation Cellular Network Technology. Government is planning to start trials for 5G Technology this year. “The Science of today is the technology of tomorrow”. Modern technology is playing vital role in human lives. Technology is playing major role in civilization of society. At the medical level, it is helping to diagnose many unknown diseases. Similarly technology has great impact in other aspects of life like education, communication and business. Through technology we are awaring people about various social issues like poverty, malnutrition, women empowerment. With the help of technology infant mortality rate has been reduced. Let’s understand in detail about 5G Cellular Network Technology.

5G Technology:

1. 5G Technology is Fifth Generation Cellular Network Technology. Here generation means Revolution.

2. 5G will ensure connectivity to a full circle.

3. 5G will have a wider area in frequency spectrum (28 GHZ-100 GHZ). Thus there will be no network congestion.

4. 5G will increase downloading and uploading speed.

5. 5G will provide download speed of 1Gbps.

6. Some countries such as South Korea and U.S. have begun to roll out 5G services.

7. 5G will enhance communication with ultra low Latency (less than a millisecond). Latency is amount of time data takes to travel between its source and destination.

8. Users will be required to change their current devices in favor of 5G enabled ones.

9. Data Speeds are expected to be in range of 2-20 Gbps (Gigabit per second).

10. 5G will use new radio millimeter waves for transmission.

Historical Background:

1. 1G Technology:

1.1 Cell phones began with 1G Technology in 1980's.

1.2 1G is first generation of wireless cellular technology.

1.3 1G supports voice only calls.

1.4 Maximum speed of 1G Technology is 2.4 Kbps.

1.5 1G is analog technology, poor battery life of phones, voice quality is poor and issue of dropped calls.

2. 2G Technology: (Denoted by ‘E’ on Cell phones)

2.1 2G Technology started in Finland in 1991 on GSM networks.

2.2 2G is a digital communication Technology.

2.3 2G Technology has introduced call and text encryption, data services like SMS, picture Messages and MMS.

2.4 Maximum speed of 2G Technology is 64 Kbps.

 

3. 3G Technology: (Denoted by ‘H” or ‘H^+’ on cell phones)

3.1 3G technology started in 1998.

3.2 3G Technology has provided video calls and mobile internet access.

3.3 “Mobile Broadband” was first applied to 3G Technology.

3.4 Maximum Speed of 3G Technology is 2 Mbps for non-moving devices and 384 Kbps for moving devices.

 

4. 4G Technology: (Denoted by 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) on cell phones)

4.1 This Technology has provided us high speed and high quality data services.

4.2 Key Technologies are MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).

4.3 By using 4G Technology we can watch high resolution videos without any buffering.

4.4 ‘Jio’ has introduced a new service that is VoLTE which means Voice over Long Term Evolution. It is advanced version of 4G Technology.

 

Applications of 5G Technology:

 

1. High Speed Mobile Network.

2. Entertainment and Multimedia.

3. Internet of Things.

4. Smart Farming like Irrigation Control.

5. Telemedicine Services.

6. Industrial Applications.

7. Controlling of critical infrastructure and vehicles.

8. Crowd Management.

9. Track Livestock if we combine RFID with this Technology.

10. Driverless vehicles.

11. Consumers can download data heavy content such as 8K movies and games.

12. Machine to Machine communication.

13. Telesurgery and High Definition Medical Imaging Technologies.

14. Real time data analytics.

15. Sensor-embedded  network that will provide information about manufacturing, consumer durable's and agriculture.

16. It will collect huge amount of data from millions of devices and sensors.

 

Government Steps:

1. Indian government has initiated measures to introduce 5G Technology via National Telecom Policy which aims to reach 100% teledensity, high speed internet highways and delivery of citizen-centric services electronically.

2. Department of Telecommunication set up a high level forum to develop road map for 5G Services in India by 2020.

3. Rs. 500 crore for research and development for 5G Technology.

 

Economic Impact of 5G:

1. 5G is expected to create $1 trillion economic impact by 2035.

2. Revenue potential in India will be above $27 billion by 2026.

3. India will have 70 million 5G connections by 2025.

 

Spectrum Auction for 5G: 

Spectrum Auction is major revenue earner for the government. For 5G spectrum that is Spectrum in 3300-3600 MHZ will be put out for bids for first time. Pan India reserve price of Rs. 492 crore per MHZ for unpaired Spectrum.

 

Challenges:

1. Infrastructure Intensive and very expensive. For better network connectivity Govt. has to install more mobile towers because still in rural areas as well as in many urban areas 4G network connectivity is poor.

2. 5G cannot take off without Application Programming Interface (APIs).

3. Frequency Allocation: Indian operators have fewer spectrum's in comparison to international operators. High investment cost.

4. Cellular operators association of India (COAI) pointed out that 5G is overpriced by at least 30% to 40% compared to international standards such as South Korea and U.S.

 5. 5G will require a fundamental change to the core architecture of communication system.

6. Industry might require an additional investment of $60 to $70 billion to implement 5G networks.

7. Problem of capital augmentation.

8. Non availability of funds for investment.

9. Regulatory restrictions.

 

Suggestions:

1. Adopt “Intelligence-First Approach”.

2. Well defined Data Protection Law.

3. Enable local industries to capture both domestic as well as global market.

4. Need to Align digital India with 5G Technology.

5. Strengthen Cyber Infrastructure.

6. Empower local technology and telecom firms to develop their internal capacities.

7. Promote 5G Startups.

8. Manufacture of 5G chipsets.

9. Deployment of ultra high broadband infrastructure with 100% coverage of 10 Gbps across Urban India and 1 Gbps across rural India.

10. Optimized coverage of 5G Network, reliability and Scalability.

11. Unified Management Policy.

                   At last we can say that 5G is expected to form backbone of emerging technologies. 5G is one of the most sophisticated wireless technologies. It will bring new revolution in many areas like farming, industry and health sector etc. The earlier generation mobile technologies (2G, 3G and 4G) will continue to remain in use and it may take 10 or more than 10 years to phase them out.

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